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The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of New Jersey in the United States. The lieutenant governor is the second highest-ranking official in the state government and is elected concurrently on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term. Because the position itself does not carry any powers or duties other than to be next in the order of succession, the state constitution requires that the lieutenant governor be appointed to serve as the head of a cabinet-level department or administrative agency within the governor's administration. Prior to 2010, New Jersey was one of a few states in the United States that did not have a lieutenant governor to succeed to the governorship in the event of a vacancy in that office. Only two individuals had previously held the title—both during brief periods in the colonial era (1664–1776) under commission or letters patent from the British Crown. For most of the state's (and previously the colony's) history, a vacancy in the position of governor was filled by the president of the State Senate (called the "Legislative Council" from 1776 to 1844), or during the colonial era by the president of the royal governor's Provincial Council. After several episodes where the state had multiple "acting governors" in the span of a few years following the resignations of Governor Christine Todd Whitman in 2001 and Governor James E. McGreevey in 2004, popular sentiment and political pressure from the state's residents and news media outlets sought a permanent and tenable solution to the issue of gubernatorial succession. A referendum put before the state's voters authorized the amendment of the state's constitution in 2006. This amendment provided for the state's first lieutenant governor to be elected in the state's 2009 gubernatorial election. Republican Kim Guadagno is the first to serve in the post in its modern form. Guadagno, previously the sheriff in Monmouth County, was chosen by Governor Chris Christie to be his running mate on the Republican party ticket in the 2009 election. In addition to being lieutenant governor, Guadagno serves in Governor Christie's cabinet as New Jersey's 33rd Secretary of State. ==Appointments during the colonial period (1702–1776)== During the proprietary period (1664–1702), New Jersey was divided into two separate colonies, East Jersey and West Jersey. These were often administered in its first years by deputies who resided in North America and represented the province's governor and its major investors (the "proprietors"), who typically resided in London.〔Pomfret, John Edwin. ''Province of West New Jersey, 1609–1702: A History of the Origins of an American Colony''. (New York: Octagon Books, 1956); Whitehead, William A. ''East Jersey Under the Proprietary Governments: A Narrative of Events connected with the Settlement and Progress of the Province, until the Surrender of the Government to the Crown in 1703''. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1875); and Pomfret, John E. ''The Province of East New Jersey, 1609–1702: The Rebellious Proprietary''. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962).〕 In 1702, the proprietors of East and West Jersey surrendered their political authority to Queen Anne. The Queen united both provinces into one crown colony to be administered by a royal governor appointed by the Crown.〔("Surrender from the Proprietors of East and West New Jersey, of Their Pretended Right of Government to Her Majesty; 1702" ) from Leaming, Aaron and Spicer, Jacob. ''The Grants, Concessions, and Original Constitutions of the Province of New-Jersey. The acts passed during the proprietary governments, and other material trnasactions before the surrender thereof to Queen Ann. The instrument of surrender, and her formal acceptance thereof, Lord Cornbury's Commission and Introduction consequent thereon.'' (2nd Edition. Philadelphia: William Bradford, 1758) 600–618. Published online at the ''Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy'', Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library. Retrieved April 5, 2013.〕 Only two individuals held the post of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey during its colonial history. This position existed by direct commission from the British monarch only for two brief periods, 1702–09 and 1755–57. For most of the colonial period, in the event of the resignation, prolonged absence or death of the royal governor, the province would be administered by an "acting governor" who was the president of the Provincial Council (also called the "Governor's Council")—the upper house of the colonial legislature. The council presidency was an honorary ceremonial post given to the council's oldest member.〔Pulvis, Thomas L. ''Proprietors, Patronage and Paper Money: Legislative Politics in New Jersey 1703–76''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1986), passim.〕 Richard Ingoldesby (d. 1719), a British army captain who was dispatched to New York to restore royal authority in New York after Leisler's Rebellion, was commissioned as the Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey and New York in November 1702.〔Stellhorn, Paul A., and Birkner, Michael J. ("Richard Ingoldesby" ), ''The Governors of New Jersey 1664–1974: Biographical Essays''. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), 40–43.〕 Ingoldesby served under the colony's first royal governor, Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury and then his successor John Lovelace, 4th Baron Lovelace.〔 Although Lord Cornbury was frequently absent from New Jersey and focused most of his efforts in New York, he refused to permit Ingoldesby any authority to govern. Ingoldesby became acting governor of both provinces briefly after the sudden death of Lord Lovelace on May 6, 1709.〔 However, his authority was opposed by rival factions of the colony's proprietors who asserted that his commission was invalid.〔〔 Ingoldesby further angered the colony's Quaker leaders after he retaliated against them for their opposition to raising troops from New Jersey to support a planned invasion of French colonies in Canada.〔〔〔 Weeks, Daniel J. ''Not for filthy Lucre's sake: Richard Saltar and the antiproprietary movement in East New Jersey, 1665–1707''. (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Lehigh University Press, 2001), passim.〕 His commission as governor was revoked in October 1709, but the news of his removal did not reach him until April 1710.〔 The second lieutenant governor, Thomas Pownall (1722–1805), was appointed to the post in 1755 under royal governor Jonathan Belcher (1681/2–1757).〔Fisher, Edgar Jacob. ''New Jersey as a Royal Province, 1738 to 1776''. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1911), 43–44.〕 Pownall had little responsibility beyond anticipating the death of the aging governor who for most of his tenure was in declining health from a progressive paralytic disorder.〔Schutz, John. ''Thomas Pownall, British Defender of American Liberty; a Study of Anglo-American Relations in the Eighteenth Century''. (Glendale, California: A. H. Clark, 1951), 55–58, 78–87.〕 Belcher lived longer than expected, and Pownall grew restless.〔 In 1756, Pownall journeyed to England, where he was offered the governorship of Pennsylvania, but this offer was retracted after he made demands for wide-ranging powers. While in England, Pownall advised the government organized by Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and his close foreign affairs advisor William Pitt on the state of affairs in the colonies during the Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in North America).〔 Because the insights and first-hand knowledge he shared had impressed his superiors in Britain, Pownall was commissioned as Royal Governor of Massachusetts in March 1757.〔 Pownall arrived in Boston to assume the new post on August 3, 1757. When Belcher died on August 31, 1757, Pownall did not assume the governorship of New Jersey.〔〔 Pownall's appointment in Massachusetts left the New Jersey to be administered by John Reading (1686–1767) in his second tenure as "acting governor"—continuing the previous convention of the president of the Governor's Council assuming the governorship in an acting capacity. Reading assumed the post reluctantly, after first requesting unsuccessfully that Pownall return to New Jersey to assume the office.〔〔McCormick, Richard P. (1964, 1970). ''New Jersey from Colony to State, 1609–1789.'' (1st Ed. Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1964; 2nd Ed. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1970).〕 From Ingoldesby's removal in 1710 until the tenure of Pownall, four appointed royal governors (John Montgomerie, Sir William Cosby, Lewis Morris, and Jonathan Belcher) died in office and were replaced with acting governors from the provincial council. Two of these acting governors (John Anderson and John Hamilton) died in office, and were replaced by another acting governor drawn from the members of the provincial council.〔See Stellhorn, Paul A., and Birkner, Michael J. ''(The Governors of New Jersey 1664–1974: Biographical Essays )''. (Trenton, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1982), passim; and McCormick, Richard P. ''New Jersey from Colony to State, 1609–1789''. (1st Ed – Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1964; 2nd Ed. — New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1970), passim. See also List of colonial governors of New Jersey.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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